雅思阅读备考：分析长难句

2013-10-21

朗阁雅思考试研究中心

长难句我们在平常的英语能力测试的时候不常遇见，但是雅思备考的平时积累中，长难句分析可是必不可少的，虽然我们还没有很熟练的运用长难句，但是在遇到的时候我们应该要看得懂，这样才能在阅读环节中有比较大的把握。

1. Theteacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to aquestion, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severitywith each successive wrong answer.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句为“The teacher-subject was told that…”; “that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to aquestion, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severitywith each successive wrong answer”为that引导的宾语从句，做tell的宾语；在该宾语从句中“ashock was to be administered”为主句，而“whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to aquestion”为whenever引导的时间装语从句，在该宾语从句中做时间状语，“beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severitywith each successive wrong answer”为现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做伴随状语。 Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignorethe reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governingthe experimental situation of the moment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句为“Milgramtold the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and toadminister whatever level of shock wascalled for”; 其中“whatever levelof shock was called for”为whatever引导的宾语从句，做administer的宾语；as per为介词短语，意为依据，根据；“governingthe experimental situation of the moment”为现在分词短语作定语，做therule的定语。

3. Prior to carrying out theexperiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in anordinary population who would be willingto administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

4. 分析：本句的主句为“Milgramexplained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict theaverage percentage of people in an ordinary population.”; “Prior to carrying out theexperiment”为时间状语，priorto相当于before; “who would be willing to administer the highest shocklevel of 450 volts.”为定语从句，做an ordinary population的定语，关系词为who。

5. As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitelygive the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on variouselectrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句主句“the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers toquestions”; “As theexperiment unfolded”为As引导的时间状语从句，做该主句的时间状语；“posedby the teacher”为过去分词短语作定语，做questions的定语；“bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to thedanger level of 300 volts and beyond”为现在分词短语作状语，做主句的伴随状语。

6. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was toignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句为“Milgramcalmly explained that…”; “that the teacher-subject was toignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”为that引导的宾语从句，做explain的宾语；在该宾语从句中“toignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment”为不定式做表语。

7. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing toadminister the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal andmoral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句为“What Milgram was trying to discover was the number ofteacher-subjects”; “What Milgram was trying to discover”为What引导的主语从句；“who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face ofstrong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of theexperiment.”为定语从句，做teacher-subjects的定语，关系词为who。

8. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgramsaid that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句为“Milgramsaid that …”; “If the subject was still reluctant to proceed”为If引导的条件状语从句；“that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”为that引导的宾语从句，做said的宾语；在该宾语从句“that it wasimportant for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.”中，it为形式主语，“that the procedure be followed through to the end”为that引导的主语从句，是该宾语从句真正的主语。

9. The overwhelmingconsensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey theexperimenter.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句主句为“The overwhelming consensus was that …”; “that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuseto obey the experimenter”为表语从句，做was的表语。

10. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable peoplepredict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’actually do in the laboratory of real life?（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句主句为“Howcan we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between…and…”; “what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict inthe comfort of their study”和“what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’actually do in the laboratory of real life”均为what引导的宾语从句。

11. One’s firstinclination might be to argue that theremust be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following agenetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil byadministering the electrical shock.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句的主句为“One’sfirst inclination might be to…”; “to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animalaggression instinct that was activated by theexperiment, and that Milgram’s teacher-subjectswere just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge ontothe pupil by administering the electrical shock.”为不定式做表语，做be的表语；在此表语中“that there must be some sort of built-in animalaggression instinct”和“that Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following agenetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil byadministering the electrical shock”并列，皆为that引导的宾语从句，做argue的宾语；“that was activated by the experiment”为定语从句，做instinct的定语，关系词为that。

12. The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.（剑5, Test 1 passage 2）

分析：本句为并列句，“The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts’”和“they further anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”并列，由and连接；其中“that ‘most subjects would go beyond 150 volts’”为that引导的宾语从句，做felt的宾语，而“that only four percent would go up to 300 volts”也为that引导的宾语从句，做anticipated的宾语。