雅思阅读长难句如何化繁为简

雅思考试的阅读部分，对于很多人来说，在很短的时间里完成800-1200词汇的阅读和解答是有一定难度的。若想快速的、高效率的完成题目解答也是有一定技巧的。下面为大家做详细介绍，希望对大家备考雅思阅读有帮助。

英语的基本句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾，只不过多了一些修饰的词，句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”，同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子，不用每句话的意思都懂，但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思，即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。

针对这两种句式结构抓主干，即把复杂的长难句转化成简单的句子。

主谓宾结构：寻找谓语动词

主系表结构：寻找系动词

也就是说，无论哪种句式，我们都要在心里默念寻找动词这个原则，以模糊匹配的方式来对应有意义的那个动词，进而确认动词之前的主语和动词之后的宾语或表语。

一个句子之所以能够拉长，除了在一个简单句中加上许多修饰成分之外，还有可能是长出了枝干—也就是加了从句，或者是由连词和平衡结构把若干简单句合并在了一起。雅思长难句频繁出现的情况包括如下几种：

定语从句：that,which(介词+which),who,…

状语从句：v+ing

寻找平衡结构：三大连词 and/or/but，

not only…but also…

not…but…

nomore/longer/less …than

as…as

not so …as… . . .

还有一种特殊主系表值得单独说一说：

There be句型：寻找中心词

这个句型之所以特殊，是因为系动词和表语都已经以倒装的形式给出来了，欠缺的只是一个主语中心词而已，因此我们看到了there be开头的句子，一定先集中精力寻找到那个中心点。此外，这个句子是一些同学在雅思作文考场上易犯错误的地方。在时间紧迫的压力下，可能会有同学不自觉地受到了中文思维的影响，写出诸如“There are many people do something.”此类的句子，如果在模拟考试的时候发现自己曾经犯过这类笔误，建议大家在考场上给自己留出1、2分钟的检查时间来。检查方法也很简单，把there be两个词遮住，如果剩下的部分还能读出一个完整的句子来，则原本的句子必定是有问题的，可以迅速把there be这两个词擦掉。

除了be动词外，还有一些there be形式的变体：

Therecome/comes/came

Thereappear/appears/appeared

Thereemerge/emerges/emerged

Theremay/might be

Therecan/could be

There happento be

There usedto be

There is/aregoing to be

其中后两个句子中说到的情况一定是不存于当下的，在判断题(TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN)中容易被揪出来做文章，出题思路是细节不一致的类型，答案多为FALSE。

结合讲解的部分，有时间的同学可以练习一下快速理解以下这些来自剑桥考题当中的长难句，试着找出句子的主干：

1. There areexamples of languages that have survived in written form and then been revivedby later generations. (4A0201)

2. InNew Zealand,classes for children have slowed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest inthe language. (4A0201)

3. TheformerUSpolicy of running Indian reservations schools in English, for example,effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. (4A0201)

4. It is notnecessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. (4A0201)

5. However,it wasn’t until thediscovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and sorepresents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought,that rocket technology was able to develop. (3A0101)

6. What makes a language endangered is notjust the number of speakers, but how old they are. (4A0201)

7. In theNative American Navajo nation, which sprawls across four states in the Americansouth-west, the native language is dying.(4A0201)

8. Theproblem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, sothat they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is nota new one. (4A0403)

9. Everyhealth system in an economically developed society is faced with the need todecide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spenton health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and diabilitiesand which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of thecommunity are to be given special consideration in respect of their healthneeds; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective. (4A0403)

10. Peopleare not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determiningif they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not livewithin a context of law and order. (4A0403)

11. Thespread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have beenaccompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which mighthave provided some insurance against pests or diseases in future. (3A0202)

12. Animalsat play often use unique signs—tail-wagging in dogs, for example—to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behaviouris not really in earnest. (4A0203)

13. A fewyears ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments inbehavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjectsfrom all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which thesubjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called uponto perform. (5A0102)

14. How canwe possily account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational,knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured,flustered, but cooperative “teachers” actually do in the laboratory of real life? (5A0102)

15. A modernhard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressiveinstinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to ourancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and inthe caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant ofour ancient animal ways. (5A0102)

16. Breedingseasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year inwhich offspring have the greatest chances of survival. (5A0403)

17. This isthe process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soilor water into organic material for growth.(5A0403)

18.Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, withrenewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace, and museums,societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style andoriginality of this innovative material. (5A0201)

19. The factthat children’s ideas aboutscience form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier tochange them. (4A0101)

20. Thesemisconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into amultifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the componentideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible tomodification. (4A0101)

21. Neverbefore has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. (4A0201)

22. Not onlydid it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly,it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe. (3A0101)

23. Lifeitself was a perpetual and punishing search for food: some families grew maniocand other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, whileother members of the tribe scoured the country for small game and promisingfish holes. (3A0302)

24. There isclear-cut evidence that, for a period of at least one year, supervision whichincreases the direct pressure for productivity can achieve significantincreases in production. However, such short-term increases are obtained onlyat a substantial and serious cost to the organisation. (3A0403)

25. Ofgrowing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as diaposableis, elsewhere, recycled and reused. (3A0301)

26. Thesemisconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into amultifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the componentideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible tomodification. (4A0101)

27. Theexplosion in demand for accommodation in the inner suburbs of Melbournesuggests a recent change in many people’s preferences as to where they live.

28. Take theexercise theory. (4A0203)