剑桥雅思14视频解析Test 3 Passage 1

前言：名师指点迷津，助力学员冲刺高分！大连学为贵教育名师吕洋为学员们进行剑桥雅思专业知识点解答分析，帮助学员们掌握技能。

吕洋老师：学为贵阅读主讲，曾参与雅思阅读真经等教材开发。先后获得英国卡迪夫大学博士学位，美国马里兰大学经济学硕士，丹麦哥本哈根商学院服务经济学学士，并在新西兰与澳大利亚就读初高中课程，在多个国家获得高级口译岗位资格证书。

Cambridge IELTS14 Test3 Passage2 文章——

A.Looked at in one way, everyone knows what intelligence is; looked at in another way, no one does. In other words, people all have unconscious notions - known as 'implicit theories5 - of intelligence, but no one knows for certain what it actually is. This chapter addresses how people conceptualize intelligence, whatever it may actually be.

But why should we even care what people think intelligence is, as opposed only to valuing whatever it actually is? There are at least four reasons peopled conceptions of intelligence matter.

B.First, implicit theories of intelligence drive the way in which people perceive and evaluate their own intelligence and that of others. To better understand the judgments people make about their own and others5 abilities, it is useful to learn about peopled implicit theories. For example, parents’ implicit theories of their children’s language development will determine at what ages they will be willing to make various corrections in their children's speech. More generally, parents5 implicit theories of intelligence will determine at what ages they believe their children are ready to perform various cognitive tasks. Job interviewers will make hiring decisions on the basis of their implicit theories of intelligence. People will decide who to be friends with on the basis of such theories. In sum, knowledge about implicit theories of intelligence is important because this knowledge is so often used by people to make judgments in the course of their everyday lives.

C.Second, the implicit theories of scientific investigators ultimately give rise to their explicit theories. Thus it is useful to find out what these implicit theories are. Implicit theories provide a framework that is useful in defining the general scope of a phenomenon - especially a not-well-understood phenomenon. These implicit theories can suggest what aspects of the phenomenon have been more or less attended to in previous investigations.

D.Third, implicit theories can be useful when an investigator suspects that existing explicit theories are wrong or misleading. If an investigation of implicit theories reveals little correspondence between the extant implicit and explicit theories, the implicit theories may be wrong. But the possibility also needs to be taken into account that the explicit theories are wrong and in need of correction or supplementation. For example, some implicit theories of intelligence suggest the need for expansion of some of our explicit theories of the construct.

译文：

A.当以某种方式审视智力时，每个人都知道它是什么;而以另一种方式审视时，却没有人知道。换言之，每个人对智力都有自己潜意识的界定，这被称为“内隐理论”，但没有人确切地知道智力到底是什么。无论智力实际上是什么，这一章会解决人们给智力下定义的问题。

但是我们为什么要关注人们如何理解智力，而不是仅仅评价智力实际上是什么?至少有四个理由可以说明人们对智力的理解非常重要。

B.首先，智力的内隐理论影响人们理解和评价自身及其他人的智力。为了更好地理解人们对自身和其他人能力的判断，了解人们的内隐理论十分有帮助。例如，父母关于孩子语言发展的内隐理论会决定他们将在什么时候对孩子的言语做出各种各样的纠正。而更普遍的是，父母关于智力的内隐理论将决定他们会在什么时候相信孩子已经能够处理各种各样的认知任务。职业面试宫会基于他们关于智力的内隐理论做出招聘决定。人们会基于这种理论决定与谁交朋友。总之，理解有关智力的内隐理论非常重要，因为在每天的生活中，人们常常通过这样的理解做出判断。

C.第二，科学研究者的内隐理论最终会带来他们的外显理论。因此研究这些内隐理论是什么非常有用。内隐理论提供了一种框架，这种框架对定义某一现象的广义范畴非常有用，尤其是对尚未被充分理解的现象。这些内隐理论可以提示这一现象的哪些方面曾经在过去的研究中被或多或少地关注过。

D.第三，当一名研究者怀疑现存的外显理论有误或存在误导时，内隐理论会非常有用。如果关于内隐理论的研究无法揭示现有的内隐和外显理论间的一致性，那么内隐理论可能存在问题。但是也需要考虑“外显理论存在错误或者需要纠正、补充”的可能性。例如，一些关于智力的内隐理论表明我们需要扩展有关其构造的某些外显理论。

八月刷题团资料—大连洋

8小时：题库真题直播讲解课程；8小时：真题讲解录播课程；14章节：雅思词汇真经语音讲解；100小时：剑桥雅思刷题讲解。

8月刷题团直播课程安排——

8月刷题团课程安排——

大连洋刷题团会员词汇备考资料

词汇备考，三位一体

语音版词汇真经——717+298每日讲解考察

报名8月大连洋刷题团，刷词汇真经，每日更有717阅读热点词及298听力热点词考察讲解。

其中，717针对考试阅读同转，298针对听力手写词及同转，词汇真经 [需配合书籍] 则针对备考普遍必备单词。三本资料，三位一体，从此拜托词汇困扰，这一辈子可能都不需要再烦背单词了。

词汇真经语音讲解

会员独享——词汇真经重点章节音频讲解

大连洋在本书精选了14个重点章节，邀请大连学为贵诸位名师一同打造语音版词汇真经讲解。含雅思核心词汇3000个，每个单词均进行[同义词]，[反义词]，[常见拓展]及[短语搭配]，还有贯穿始终的词根词缀等构词法知识，使讲解的实际词汇容量已达到7000以上。

717阅读热点词

会员独享717阅读热点词每日考察讲解

298听力热点词

会员独享298自测音频汇总

大连洋刷题团会员阅读备考资料

阅读技巧视频讲解——大连洋8月刷题团 独 家呈现

阅读录播课程可以先看题型技巧讲解，之后按照c11-12-13-10-14的顺序逐一完成。

刷题过程中，先自己完成对应文章的题目解答，再看视频讲解资料。任何与我不一样的思路都需要调整。请注意，考试前应至少完成三本书籍的刷题。

阅读技巧课程目录

100小时视频讲解课程

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2019年8月26日，题库真题、视频讲解只在大连洋8月刷题团！